Motor symptoms are manifested only after the loss of 50–60% of DAergic neurons in the substantia nigra and a 70–80% decrease in dopamine levels in the striatum (Cookson et al. A long presymptomatic period of development is a characteristic feature of PD pathogenesis. It is caused by the disruption of the functioning of various neurotransmitter systems with a distinct predominance of dopaminergic (DAergic) system deficiency (Gasser 2009 Lesage and Brice 2009). Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. These genes can be considered as potential candidate genes for PD. The most significant genes, which occupied a central position in this cluster, were PTGS2, SCN9A, and GRIK2. The cluster with the greatest statistical significance included processes associated with the regulation of the differentiation of fat cells, the action potential, and the regulation of glutamatergic synaptic transmission. These genes were included in seven processes within two clusters, according to the results of an enrichment analysis. Twenty-nine differentially expressed genes were identified in the three pairs of twins. A whole-transcriptome analysis of dermal fibroblasts obtained from three pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for PD was carried out in this work. The study of individuals with an almost identical genetic background, such as monozygotic twins, is one of the best approaches to the analysis of such changes. It is believed that changes associated with the epigenetic regulation of gene expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease. In most cases, the development of the disease is sporadic and is not associated with any currently known mutations associated with PD.
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